from a printed book, reproduction

European glory, and even after

Western Europe also formed

A handwritten book is a book

Century to a kind of destruction:

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

and was erased, and on cleaned

Duke de Montosier

Manuscript is a collective name for texts

Since the era of Charlemagne

so expensive material

written on the parchment was scratched out

(palimpsests). In the XIII-XV centuries in

number of surviving European