drafts of literary works

manuscripts underwent in the Middle

for Countess Louise of Savoy

Western Europe also formed

The most common form

Libraries of the Carolingian era). IN

Since manuscripts are subject to deterioration

, text and illustrations to which

number of surviving European

or their samples written

One of the most skilled calligraphers

then only a few have reached us

"Julia's Garland" (fr. Guirlande de Julie)

XVII century was Nicholas Jarry [fr].

or their samples written